Uric Acid Crystals Since about 75% of uric acid is excreted from the body via the kidneys, uric acid crystals are often found in morning urine during microscopic examination. These crystals appear when the urine pH is acidic (below 6). They do not hold particular clinical significance unless there is also an elevated level of...
What is macroprolactin and why is it measured? Macroprolactin (MCPRL) is a biological protein marker found in the blood of individuals showing symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, or elevated prolactin levels. It is a biologically inactive complex of prolactin monomers and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Prolactin in this complex is detected by most prolactin immunoassays, and thus contributes...
What is the pituitary gland? The pituitary gland (Hypophysis) is a gland located at the base of the skull in a bony cavity called the sella turcica (Turkish saddle). The pituitary itself is small (1 cm) and is divided into two parts or lobes: Anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) Posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) These lobes have different origins;...
When it comes to thrombosis, one of the diagnostic methods is measuring the level of D-dimer in the blood, as one of the many markers used in medicine. However, before discussing the role of D-dimer in diagnosing thrombosis in more detail, we should first explain what D-dimer is and how a thrombus (blood clot) forms....
When we mention Candida, we usually refer to Candida albicans, one of the 20 identified species of Candida found in humans. This type of fungus is a natural resident of the skin and mucous membranes, playing an important role in preventing pathogenic microorganisms from attaching. It is harmless as long as it remains under the...
One of the most important steps in maintaining health is prevention. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular check-ups, and routine medical exams are just some of the key elements in preventing diseases. What are routine medical exams? Routine medical exams include a series of laboratory tests conducted to assess the functioning of our body. The importance...
What is anemia? Anemia is a medical term that describes a deficiency of healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the body. It can be caused by genetic predisposition or by iron deficiency due to inadequate nutrition or improper iron absorption in the body. Symptoms of anemia The symptoms of anemia can be mild and almost...
Inhibin B as a Biomarker of Spermatogenesis in Men and Ovarian Reserve in Women What is Inhibin B? Inhibin B is a glycoprotein produced in the testes (by Sertoli cells) in men and in the ovaries (by granulosa cells) in women. It consists of two subunits connected by a disulfide bond, an alpha subunit and...
What is cholesterol? Cholesterol belongs to a group of compounds known as sterols. It is only found in animal tissues, while plants contain phytosterols. Is cholesterol harmful? In recent times, cholesterol has gained a bad reputation. But is it really harmful? The answer is NO. Cholesterol is vital for every cell in the body, playing...
What is Whooping Cough? Commonly known as whooping cough or pertussis, this is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis). Whooping cough was first mentioned in literature between 1414 and 1540, with the first description of an epidemic dating back to 1578. The causative agent, Bordetella pertussis, was isolated...
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